Practice Quiz on National Reform
1. The Progressive movement switched emphasis
from the state to the federal level because
A) it encountered
failure in tying to regulate business at the state level
B) it wanted to expand its
success in reforming state governments to the federal government
C) the Supreme Court
had overturned its state reforms
D) the trusts had
gained influence over Congress
E) the federal
government experienced a loss of power after 1900
Answer:
A Page: 601
Difficulty: Hard
2. The one branch of the
A) Supreme Court
B) House of Representatives
C) Senate
D) presidency
E) district courts
Answer:
D Page: 601 Difficulty: Easy
3. President Teddy Roosevelt’s philosophy is best described as
A) Populism
B) Socialism
C) Social Darwinism
D) conservative
Progressivism
E) radical
Progressivism
Answer:
D Page: 602 Difficulty: Easy
4. President Roosevelt saw his reforms as a way
to
A) bring prosperity to
the working class
B) return
C) prevent radicalism
from taking control in the future
D) end corruption in
government
E) pass
Answer:
C Page: 602 Difficulty: Hard
5. President Teddy Roosevelt believed that
corruption in big business could be controlled by
A) destroying corporate
power completely
B) applying the
pressure of an informed public
C) breaking up all
trusts
D) allowing market
forces to function
E) extending suffrage
rights
Answer:
B Page: 602 Difficulty: Medium
6. At heart Teddy Roosevelt was a
A) trust buster
B) trust regulator
C) trust builder
D) trust monopolist
E) trust killer
Answer:
B Page: 602 Difficulty: Easy
7. President Teddy Roosevelt’s economic program was hampered in his first term by
A) conservatives in
Congress
B) accusations of
accepting illegal payments
C) his preoccupation
with winning re-election
D) a general strike in
1902
E) uncooperative state
agencies
Answer:
C Page: 603 Difficulty: Easy
8. In the election of 1904, President Teddy Roosevelt
won an overwhelming victory for all of the following reasons except
A) he maintained the
federal government’s policy of supporting employer demands in labor strikes
B) he had neutralized
his opposition from within the Republican party
C) the Democrats
fielded a weak candidate
D) he pursued business
reforms without antagonizing financial leaders
E) he argued that
Americans had been provided a “square deal”
Answer:
A Page: 603 Difficulty: Hard
9. In the election of 1904, Teddy Roosevelt ran
against
A) William McKinley
B) Mark Hanna
C) William
D)
E) John Muir
Answer:
D Page: 603 Difficulty: Easy
10. President Teddy Roosevelt’s 1904 reform
program was called the
A) New Federalism
B) Square Deal
C) Fair Deal
D) New Frontier
E) New Deal
Answer:
B Page: 603 Difficulty: Easy
11. One reform that was passed
during Teddy Roosevelt’s second term was
A) the Emergency
Banking Act
B) the National
Securities Act
C) the Sheppard-Towner
Act
D) the National
Recovery Act
E) the Pure Food and
Drug Act
Answer:
E Page: 603 Difficulty: Medium
12. Support for the Meat Inspection Act of 1906 was generated by Upton Sinclair’s novel,
A) The Jungle
B) Progress and Poverty
C)
The Shame of the Cities
D) The Bitter Cry of Children
E) How the Other Half Lives
Answer:
A Page: 603 Difficulty: Easy
13. In 1907, President Teddy Roosevelt proposed
all of the following measures except
A) eight-hour work days
B) increased
compensation for victims of industrial accidents
C) deregulation of the
stock market
D) inheritance and
income taxes
E) broader compensation
for injured workers
Answer:
C Page: 603 Difficulty: Hard
14. The reaction by Congress to President Teddy
Roosevelt’s reform programs revealed
A) the need for more
drastic measures
B) the impatience of
people with the complex reform process
C) a growing split in
the Republican party
D) the inability of Democrats
to take the initiative
E) a lack of any
opposition to his policies
Answer:
C Page: 603 Difficulty: Hard
15. President Teddy Roosevelt’s conservation
policy showed his desire to
A) all of the answers below
B) preserve all public
lands in the
C) side with
conservatives in Congress
D) halt construction of
dams on western rivers
E) put the government
in charge of natural resource management
Answer:
E Page: 604 Difficulty: Hard
16. President Teddy Roosevelt’s conservation
policies were influenced by
A) J. P. Morgan
B) William Howard Taft
C) Upton Sinclair
D) Robert La Follette
E) Gifford Pinchot
Answer:
E Page: 604 Difficulty: Easy
17. The Panic of 1907 showed
A) the need for looser banking
regulations
B) the largely
uncontrolled nature of banking and the stock market
C) the extent to which
demand for American goods had outstripped supply
D) the weakness of a
government-regulated economy
E) the strength and
consistency of the stock market
Answer:
B Page: 608 Difficulty: Easy
18. For the election of 1908, William Howard Taft
enjoyed the support of all of the following except
A) the Progressives
B) the Conservatives
C) William
D) Teddy Roosevelt
E) the Republican party
Answer:
C Page: 608 Difficulty: Easy
19. Taft differed from Teddy Roosevelt in all of
the following ways except
A) he was a passive man
B) he was less dynamic
C) he was an obese man
D) he believed in following
the letter of the law
E) he believed in
completely conservative principles
Answer:
E Page: 608 Difficulty: Hard
20. The main result of the Payne-Aldrich Tariff
of 1909 was to
A) end protective
tariffs completely
B) raise tariff rates
significantly
C) make little change
in the tariff rates
D) lower tariff rates
substantially
E) discourage further
use of tariffs
Answer:
C Page: 608–609 Difficulty: Medium
21. During his first year in office, President Taft
showed himself to be
A) all of the answers below
B) an aggressive
reformer
C) in tune with public
opinion
D) less progressive
than some people had thought
E) a charismatic and
idealistic leader
Answer:
D Page: 608–609 Difficulty: Medium
22. President Taft fired Gifford Pinchot for
A) turning over public
lands to private developers
B) leaking internal
administration matters to the press
C) refusing to release
some forest land for development
D) asking Teddy
Roosevelt to intervene in an administration matter
E) accepting illegal
campaign contributions
Answer:
B Page: 609 Difficulty: Hard
23. In 1910, Teddy Roosevelt reacted to Taft’s
actions as president by
A) traveling to
B) supporting Taft for
reelection
C) switching to the
Democratic party
D) setting out on a
speaking tour to announce his position
E) urging La Follette to run against Taft
Answer:
D Page: 609 Difficulty: Medium
24. In 1912, Teddy Roosevelt reacted to President
Taft’s actions by
A) announcing his own
candidacy
B) supporting William
La Follette
C) supporting Woodrow
Wilson
D) supporting Taft for
reelection
E) announcing his
conversion to socialism
Answer:
A Page: 610 Difficulty: Easy
25. The New Nationalism referred to the
A) need for patriotism
B) granting of more
power to state governments
C) need for an
isolationist foreign policy
D) need for federal
work relief programs
E) call for a strong
federal government
Answer:
E Page: 609 Difficulty: Medium
26. In Teddy Roosevelt’s New Nationalism speech,
he called for all of the following reforms except
A) an end to all trusts
B) an income tax
C) workers’
compensation
D) tariff revision
E) regulation of child
labor
Answer:
A Page: 609 Difficulty: Medium
27. The congressional elections of 1910 showed
that the people
A) all of the answers below
B) wanted a return to
reform
C) supported Taft
D) were unhappy with
the Progressive insurgents
E) rejected the ideals
of progressivism
Answer:
B Page: 609–610 Difficulty: Hard
28. Teddy Roosevelt opposed Taft’s handling of
the antitrust suit against U.S. Steel because
A) U.S. Steel was not a major violator
B) breaking up U.S. Steel
would hurt the economy
C) it reflected badly
on
D) Taft acted too slowly
E) he believed trusts
should be banned
Answer:
C Page: 610 Difficulty: Hard
29. In the election of
1912, Teddy Roosevelt
A) lost the Republican
nomination and supported Taft for re-election
B) lost the Republican
nomination and supported the Democrat for president
C) lost the Republican
nomination and ran as a third-party candidate
D) won the Republican
nomination but lost to the Democrat in the general election
E) failed to gain any
support as a third-party candidate
Answer:
C Page: 610 Difficulty: Medium
30. To progressives, the Republican party convention of 1912 symbolized the
A) triumph of the progressive
spirit in
B) lack of clear
leadership within the party
C) power of the common
man in American politics
D) downfall of Teddy
Roosevelt
E) the victory of party
leaders over the rank and file
Answer:
E Page: 610 Difficulty: Medium
31. As a politician, Woodrow Wilson possessed all
of the following characteristics except
A) he was willing to
compromise
B) he was
self-righteously moral
C) he was energetic and
firm
D) he was a dynamic
leader
E) he was committed to
reform
Answer:
A Page: 611–612 Difficulty: Medium
32. Woodrow Wilson’s program was called the
A) New Nationalism
B) New Freedom
C) New Frontier
D) Square Deal
E) New Deal
Answer:
B Page: 611 Difficulty: Easy
33. Woodrow Wilson and Teddy Roosevelt differed
fundamentally on the issue of
A) antitrust laws
B) income tax
C) presidential power
D) conservation
E) a close alliance
with
Answer:
A Page: 611–612 Difficulty: Easy
34.
A)
B) he won all of the
debates
C) Teddy Roosevelt became involved in a scandal
D) Teddy Roosevelt and Taft split the Republican
vote
E) Teddy Roosevelt withdrew from the race
Answer:
D Page: 612 Difficulty: Easy
35. President Wilson wielded his power in all of
the following ways except
A) he used the veto
liberally
B) he delegated little
authority to others
C) he used his position
as head of the Democratic party to influence Congress
D) he held close
control over his cabinet
E) he aggressively
pursued passage of reforms
Answer:
A Page: 612–613 Difficulty: Hard
36. In its first two years, the
A) creating an income
tax
B) regulating the
banking industry
C) establishing an
agency to regulate trade
D) lowering protective
tariffs substantially
E) instituting a series
of new antitrust cases
Answer:
E Page: 612–613 Difficulty: Hard
37. Woodrow Wilson’s most important piece of
domestic legislation was the
A) Federal Trade Commission Act
B) Taft Labor Act
C) Federal Reserve Act
D) Underwood-Simmons Tariff
E) Clayton Antitrust Act
Answer:
C Page: 612 Difficulty: Easy
38. The Federal Reserve System represented
A) firm federal control
over the banking industry
B) an attempt to
decentralize banking
C) a compromise between
public and private interests
D) a means of
instituting the subtreasury system
E) an attempt to weaken
the Bank of the
Answer:
C Page: 612 Difficulty: Hard
39. The Federal Trade Commission Act allowed
business regulation through all of the following means except
A) the seizure of
corporations engaged in monopolistic activities
B) advising of
corporations on whether their behavior was acceptable to the government
C) the investigation of
corporate behavior
D) the outlawing of
“unfair trade practices”
E) an increase in the
government’s authority in business issues
Answer:
A Page: 613 Difficulty: Hard
40. After backing away from further reforms in
late 1914,
A) the Supreme Court
overturned some of his previous reform measures
B) a new round of major
business scandals occurred
C) the economy turned
downward
D) the
E) Democrats lost heavily in the 1914 elections
Answer:
E Page: 613 Difficulty: Medium
41. President Teddy Roosevelt’s foreign policy
was dominated by his belief that
A) all peoples should
be granted the right of self-determination
B) it is the right and
duty of civilized nations to intervene in the affairs of uncivilized nations for
the common good
C) only free trade can
ensure a stable world economy
D) the
E) isolation from
foreign affairs would maintain prosperity at home
Answer:
B Page: 613 Difficulty: Hard
42. In 1905, Teddy Roosevelt intervened to force
a peace in a war between
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Answer:
A Page: 614 Difficulty: Easy
43. The
A) European nations could use force to collect
debts in
B) the
C) European ships would have to pay for the
privilege of using the
D) the
E) free trade was no
longer a major facet of American foreign policy
Answer:
D Page: 615 Difficulty: Medium
44. The
A)
B)
C) Mexico
D)
E)
Answer:
B Page: 616 Difficulty: Easy
45. President Teddy Roosevelt secured the
A) engineering a
Panamanian revolt against
B) threatening
C) negotiating a treaty
with
D) invading the capital
of
E) urging the English
navy to attack
Answer:
A Page: 616 Difficulty: Medium
46. The term “Dollar Diplomacy” refers to the
A) efforts of the Taft
administration to gain the support of small Latin American countries by paying off
their debts
B) paying of bribes to
Latin American politicians
C) policy of using
investment to further
D) spreading of
goodwill by
E) creation of heavily
regulated markets in
Answer:
C Page: 616 Difficulty: Medium
47. President Wilson used “morality” to justify
intervention in all of the following nations except
A)
B)
C) Dominican Republic
D)
E)
Answer:
B Page: 616–618 Difficulty: Medium
48. During the period 1900–1915, the
A) all of the answers below
B) Venustiano Carranza
C) Pancho Villa
D) Victoriano Huerta
E) Porfirio Diaz
Answer: A Page: 617–618 Difficulty: Medium
49. The work of
environmental
disasters except
A) deforested land
might become a desert
B) deforested land
might lose its topsoil
C) streams on
deforested land might dry up
D) deforested land
might cause global warming
E) deforested land
might lose its stabilizing influence on the natural environment
Answer:
D Page: 606–607 Difficulty: Medium
Fill in the Blank
Questions
50. The _____ Amendment provided for the popular
election of the United States Senate.
Answer:
Seventeenth Page: 601 Difficulty: Medium
51. In September of 1901, an assassin killed
President _____.
Answer:
William McKinley Page: 602
Difficulty: Easy
52. In 1901, _____ became the youngest man to ever be president of the
Answer:
Teddy Roosevelt Page: 602 Difficulty: Easy
53. In 1902, Teddy Roosevelt ordered the Justice Department
to invoke the Sherman Antitrust Act against _____, a new railroad monopoly in
the Northeast.
Answer:
Northern Securities Company Page:
602 Difficulty: Hard
54. President Roosevelt intervened on the behalf of
_____ in the United Mine Workers Strike of 1902.
Answer:
Labor Page: 602 Difficulty: Medium
55. _____ was the founder of the Sierra Club.
Answer:
John Muir Page: 604 Difficulty: Easy
56. _____ served as the first director of the U.S.
Forest Service in Teddy Roosevelt’s administration.
Answer:
Gifford Pinchot
Page: 604 Difficulty:
Medium
57. After winning election to the White House in
1908 with almost ridiculous ease, _____ later became the most decisively
defeated president of the 1900s.
Answer:
William Howard Taft Page: 608 Difficulty: Easy
58. President Taft fired Gifford Pinchot after he became involved in a controversy with _____, the
secretary of the interior.
Answer:
Richard A. Ballinger Page: 609 Difficulty: Hard
59. Teddy Roosevelt decided to run for president
again in 1912 after Senator _____ appeared to suffer a breakdown.
Answer:
Robert La Follette
Page: 610 Difficulty: Hard
60. In 1912, Teddy Roosevelt organized a new political
party called the _____ party.
Answer:
Progressive, Bull Moose Page: 611 Difficulty: Medium
61. _____ was the Socialist candidate for
president in the election of 1912.
Answer:
Eugene V. Debs Page: 612 Difficulty: Medium
62. The _____ Amendment allowed the federal
government to create a graduated income tax.
Answer:
Sixteenth Page: 612 Difficulty: Hard
63. Woodrow Wilson appointed _____ to the Supreme
Court, thus making him its first Jewish member.
Answer:
Louis Brandeis Page: 613 Difficulty: Hard
64. One of Teddy Roosevelt’s favorite sayings
about foreign policy was “Speak softly, but carry a _____.”
Answer:
Big stick Page: 613 Difficulty: Easy
65. President Teddy Roosevelt supported a/an _____
policy in
Answer:
Open Door Page: 614 Difficulty: Medium
66. Teddy Roosevelt won the Nobel Peace Prize in
1906 for helping to end the _____ War.
Answer:
Russo-Japanese Page: 614 Difficulty: Hard
67. The sixteen United States Navy battleships
that sailed around the world in 1906 were known as the
_____.
Answer:
Great White Fleet Page: 614 Difficulty: Easy
68. Secretary of State _____ helped Teddy Roosevelt
resolve the
Answer:
John Hay Page: 616 Difficulty: Hard
69. When Woodrow
Answer:
70. General _____ led the American expeditionary
force that pursued Pancho Villa into
Answer:
John J. Pershing Page: 618 Difficulty: Easy